PIC16C57C-04/SP【PDF 142/194 页】IC MCU OTP 2KX12 28DIP

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2002 Microchip Technology Inc.

Preliminary

DS30453D-page 49

PIC16C5X

10.0

INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY

Each PIC16C5X instruction is a 12-bit word divided into

an OPCODE, which specifies the instruction type and

one or more operands which further specify the opera-

tion of the instruction. The PIC16C5X instruction set

summary in Table 10-2 groups the instructions into

byte-oriented, bit-oriented, and literal and control oper-

ations. Table 10-1 shows the opcode field descriptions.

For byte-oriented instructions, ’f’ represents a file reg-

ister designator and ’d’ represents a destination desig-

nator. The file register designator is used to specify

which one of the 32 file registers in that bank is to be

used by the instruction.

The destination designator specifies where the result of

the operation is to be placed. If ’d’ is ’0’, the result is

placed in the W register. If ’d’ is ’1’, the result is placed

in the file register specified in the instruction.

For bit-oriented instructions, ’b’ represents a bit field

designator which selects the number of the bit affected

by the operation, while ’f’ represents the number of the

file in which the bit is located.

For literal and control operations, ’k’ represents an

8 or 9-bit constant or literal value.

TABLE 10-1:

OPCODE FIELD

DESCRIPTIONS

All instructions are executed within one single instruc-

tion cycle, unless a conditional test is true or the pro-

gram counter is changed as a result of an instruction.

In this case, the execution takes two instruction cycles.

One instruction cycle consists of four oscillator periods.

Thus, for an oscillator frequency of 4 MHz, the normal

instruction execution time would be 1

s. If a condi-

tional test is true or the program counter is changed as

a result of an instruction, the instruction execution time

would be 2

Figure 10-1 shows the three general formats that the

instructions can have. All examples in the figure use

the following format to represent a hexadecimal num-

ber:

0xhhh

where ’h’ signifies a hexadecimal digit.

FIGURE 10-1:

GENERAL FORMAT FOR

INSTRUCTIONS

Field

Description

Working register (accumulator)

Bit address within an 8-bit file register

Literal field, constant data or label

Don’t care location (= 0 or 1)

The assembler will generate code with x = 0.

It is the recommended form of use for com-

patibility with all Microchip software tools.

Destination select;

d = 0 (store result in W)

d = 1 (store result in file register ’f’)

Default is d = 1

label

Label name

TOS

Top of Stack

Program Counter

WDT

Watchdog Timer Counter

Time-out bit

Power-down bit

dest

Destination, either the W register or the

specified register file location

[

]

Options

(

)

Contents

→

Assigned to

< >

∈

In the set of

italics

User defined term (font is courier)

Byte-oriented file register operations

d = 0 for destination W

OPCODE

f (FILE #)

d = 1 for destination f

f = 5-bit file register address

Bit-oriented file register operations

8 7

5 4

OPCODE

b (BIT #)

f (FILE #)

b = 3-bit bit address

f = 5-bit file register address

Literal and control operations (except GOTO)

OPCODE

k (literal)

k = 8-bit immediate value

Literal and control operations - GOTO instruction

OPCODE

k (literal)

k = 9-bit immediate value

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